Knee fractures usually occur after high-energy trauma, such as car accidents or significant falls. In elderly patients, even low-impact injuries can cause fractures, particularly in cases of osteoporosis.

Typical symptoms include severe pain, significant swelling, inability to move or bear weight on the leg, and in severe cases, visible joint deformity. Bruising or a grinding sensation may also be present.

Diagnosis is made through clinical examination and confirmed by X-rays. A CT scan may be needed to assess fracture complexity. Treatment ranges from conservative management (immobilization with braces or casts) to surgery, particularly in displaced or unstable fractures.

Complications may include joint stiffness, improper bone healing, chronic pain, and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Rehabilitation plays a key role in restoring knee function.