Hip dysplasia is a developmental condition characterized by an abnormal formation of the acetabulum, resulting in insufficient coverage of the femoral head. This causes joint instability and altered biomechanics, which may predispose the joint to early cartilage wear and the development of osteoarthritis. It can be congenital (developmental dysplasia of the hip) or acquired, often diagnosed during adolescence or adulthood.

Predisposing factors include family history, mechanical influences (such as breech presentation at birth or ligamentous laxity), and growth disturbances. In adults, symptoms may appear due to chronic joint overload and may include labral tears or secondary cartilage damage. The clinical picture typically involves groin or lateral hip pain, especially during physical activity or prolonged standing. Mechanical symptoms (clicking, catching), limited range of motion, limping, and a sense of instability may also be present. In advanced stages, early-onset hip osteoarthritis may develop.

Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and confirmed by imaging studies, including anteroposterior pelvic radiographs, false-profile views, and often MRI or CT to assess joint morphology and associated soft tissue involvement. Treatment depends on age, severity, and symptomatology.

If left untreated, hip dysplasia may progress to chronic joint degeneration, leading to persistent pain, functional limitation, and the need for early total hip replacement compared to primary osteoarthritis.