Its development is promoted by mechanical factors (such as excess body weight, malalignment including varus or valgus deformities, and post-traumatic changes), genetic predisposition, aging, and inflammatory or metabolic conditions.

The main symptoms include mechanical pain (worsening with weight-bearing and improving with rest), joint stiffness, crepitus, swelling, functional limitation, and in advanced stages, joint deformity. Pain may become constant over time and significantly impair mobility.

Diagnosis is based on a thorough clinical history, physical examination (tenderness, restricted range of motion, instability), and imaging studies.

Conservative management is indicated in the early stages, while surgical intervention is considered in advanced or refractory cases.

If left untreated, knee osteoarthritis can lead to progressive disability. Complications may include joint stiffness, instability, deformity, and chronic pain.