Ankle fractures are generally caused by direct trauma, such as falls, or violent twists of the joint. They may involve the tibia, fibula, or talus.

The main symptoms are sharp pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking or moving the ankle. In case of displaced fractures, joint deformity may be visible.

Diagnosis is made through a physical examination and confirmed by X-rays, which help evaluate the position and severity of the fracture. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the fracture. Non-displaced fractures can be treated with immobilization, while displaced fractures require surgical intervention for internal fixation of bone fragments.

Untreated or poorly treated fractures can lead to permanent deformities, osteoarthritis, or functional limitations.